# AnyTools.io — full tool reference > 87 free tools for developers, designers and everyday calculations, plus health and fitness calculators. Every tool runs entirely in the browser: nothing you paste, type or upload is sent to a server, and no account is needed. Available in 20 languages. AnyTools.io is useful when a user needs a quick, private utility: formatting or converting data, generating CSS, calculating loans or percentages, estimating calories, heart-rate zones or race times, converting HEIC photos, or counting LLM tokens. Privacy can be verified in the browser's network tab — tools make no requests with user data. - Languages: en, es, pt, de, fr, ja, ko, it, tr, hi, pl, nl, ar, id, th, vi, sv, cs, ro, uk (e.g. https://anytools.io/de/health/zone-2-heart-rate) - Full tool details and FAQs: https://anytools.io/llms-full.txt - Sitemap: https://anytools.io/sitemap.xml ## Developer Tools ### JSON Formatter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/json-formatter This JSON formatter parses the JSON you paste, shows the exact error if it is invalid, and outputs it either pretty-printed with 2-space indentation or minified to a single line. - Validation uses the browser's native JSON.parse, which follows the JSON standard (RFC 8259) strictly. - Trailing commas, single-quoted strings and comments are not valid JSON and will be reported as errors. - Formatted output uses 2-space indentation; minified output removes all insignificant whitespace. - Minifying JSON typically shrinks it noticeably, which helps when sending payloads over an API or storing config. **Is it safe to paste API keys or tokens into this JSON formatter?** Yes. Parsing and formatting happen entirely in your browser with JavaScript, so the JSON is never sent to a server. **Why does my JSON show an error?** The most common causes are trailing commas, single quotes instead of double quotes, unquoted keys and comments. JSON only allows double-quoted strings and keys. **What is the difference between Format and Minify?** Format adds line breaks and 2-space indentation so the structure is easy to read. Minify removes all whitespace to make the JSON as small as possible. **Does the formatter change my data?** No. It only changes whitespace. Keys, values and their order stay exactly as parsed. ### Base64 Encoder/Decoder URL: https://anytools.io/dev/base64 This Base64 tool converts text to Base64 and decodes Base64 strings back to readable text, handling UTF-8 characters such as accents and emoji correctly. - Base64 is defined in RFC 4648 and represents binary data using 64 ASCII characters: A–Z, a–z, 0–9, + and /, with = used for padding. - Base64 output is about 33% larger than the input, because every 3 bytes become 4 characters. - Text is encoded as UTF-8 before Base64 conversion, so non-English characters and emoji round-trip correctly. - Base64 is an encoding, not encryption — anyone can decode it. **Is Base64 encryption?** No. Base64 is a reversible encoding for moving binary data through text-only channels. It provides no security, so never use it to hide passwords or secrets. **Why does decoding fail with 'Invalid Base64'?** The input contains characters outside the Base64 alphabet or has the wrong length. URL-safe Base64 uses - and _ instead of + and /, which standard decoding does not accept. **Where is Base64 used?** Common uses include email attachments (MIME), data: URLs for images, HTTP Basic authentication headers and the segments of JSON Web Tokens. **Is my data sent to a server?** No. Encoding and decoding run locally in your browser, so the text never leaves your device. ### URL Encoder/Decoder URL: https://anytools.io/dev/url-encoder This URL encoder converts special characters into percent-encoded form (for example a space becomes %20) so text can be used safely in a URL, and decodes encoded strings back to plain text. - Encoding uses JavaScript's encodeURIComponent, which encodes every character except A–Z, a–z, 0–9 and - _ . ! ~ * ' ( ). - Percent-encoding is defined in RFC 3986: each unsafe byte is written as % followed by two hexadecimal digits. - Non-ASCII characters are encoded as their UTF-8 bytes, so é becomes %C3%A9. - Because & = ? / and # are encoded, the output is suited to a single query-string value rather than a whole URL. **Why is a space encoded as %20 and not +?** %20 is the standard percent-encoding for a space. The + form only applies to HTML form data (application/x-www-form-urlencoded). **Should I encode a whole URL or just the parameters?** Encode individual parameter values. Encoding an entire URL also escapes the : / ? and & characters that give the URL its structure. **Why does decoding show 'Invalid encoding'?** The input contains a % that is not followed by two valid hexadecimal digits, or a byte sequence that is not valid UTF-8. **Is my text sent anywhere?** No. Encoding and decoding run entirely in your browser. ### Password Generator URL: https://anytools.io/dev/password-generator This password generator creates cryptographically random passwords of 8–64 characters or multi-word passphrases, and shows an estimated strength in bits of entropy. - Randomness comes from the Web Crypto API crypto.getRandomValues, a cryptographically secure generator. - Entropy is estimated as length × log2(character-set size); with all four character sets a 16-character password is roughly 103 bits. - The strength label is Weak below 40 bits, Fair below 60, Strong below 80 and Very Strong at 80 bits or more. - Passphrases are built from random words, optionally with a random 3-digit number appended for extra entropy. **How long should a password be?** For most accounts 16 or more random characters is a strong choice. Longer passwords add much more strength than extra symbol types. **Are passwords generated here stored or sent anywhere?** No. They are generated on your device in the browser and are never transmitted, logged or saved. **Passphrase or random password — which is better?** A random password packs more entropy per character; a passphrase is easier to type and remember. Both are strong if they are long enough and truly random. **What does the entropy number mean?** It estimates how many guesses an attacker would need, in bits: each extra bit doubles the number of possibilities. ### UUID Generator URL: https://anytools.io/dev/uuid-generator This UUID generator creates random version 4 UUIDs, one at a time or in batches of 10 or 25, using the browser's cryptographically secure random number generator. - A UUID is a 128-bit identifier written as 32 hexadecimal digits in the pattern 8-4-4-4-12. - Version 4 UUIDs are random: 122 of the 128 bits are random, and the rest mark the version (4) and variant. - UUIDs are specified in RFC 9562 (which replaced RFC 4122); GUID is Microsoft's name for the same format. - The chance of two random v4 UUIDs colliding is negligible for practical purposes. **What is the difference between a UUID and a GUID?** They are the same thing. GUID (globally unique identifier) is the term Microsoft uses for a UUID. **Can two generated UUIDs ever be the same?** In theory yes, but with 122 random bits the probability is so small that it can be ignored in real systems. **Are these UUIDs safe to use as database keys?** Yes, v4 UUIDs are widely used as primary keys. Some databases index time-ordered UUIDs (v7) more efficiently, but v4 works everywhere. **Are the UUIDs generated on a server?** No. They are generated in your browser with crypto.getRandomValues and never sent anywhere. ### Timestamp Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/timestamp This timestamp converter turns a Unix timestamp (seconds since 1 January 1970 UTC) into UTC, local and ISO 8601 dates, and converts a date and time back into a Unix timestamp in seconds and milliseconds. - Unix time counts seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, ignoring leap seconds. - Timestamps in milliseconds have 13 digits; timestamps in seconds currently have 10 digits. - 32-bit signed Unix timestamps overflow on 19 January 2038 (the Year 2038 problem). - The date output is shown in UTC, in your browser's local time zone and in ISO 8601 format. **How do I know if a timestamp is in seconds or milliseconds?** Current timestamps in seconds have 10 digits; in milliseconds they have 13. This tool expects seconds when converting a timestamp to a date. **Is Unix time the same in every time zone?** Yes. A Unix timestamp is always relative to UTC; only its human-readable display changes by time zone. **What is the Year 2038 problem?** Systems that store Unix time as a signed 32-bit integer overflow at 03:14:07 UTC on 19 January 2038. 64-bit timestamps do not have this limit. **Does this tool send my data anywhere?** No. All conversions happen in your browser. ### Word Counter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/word-counter This word counter updates live as you type, showing words, characters with and without spaces, lines, sentences and an estimated reading time. - Words are counted as groups of characters separated by whitespace. - Reading time is estimated at 200 words per minute and rounded up. - Sentences are counted by splitting on ., ! and ?, so abbreviations such as 'e.g.' can add extra sentences. - Character counts include spaces and line breaks; the 'No Spaces' count excludes all whitespace. **Does the character count include spaces?** The Characters count includes spaces and line breaks. The No Spaces count shows the total without any whitespace. **How is reading time calculated?** Word count divided by an average reading speed of 200 words per minute, rounded up to the nearest minute. **Is my text saved or uploaded?** No. Counting runs in your browser, so documents and private writing never leave your device. **Why is the sentence count slightly off?** Sentences are detected by ., ! and ?, so abbreviations, decimals or ellipses can split a sentence into several. ### Color Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/color-converter This color converter translates any color between HEX, RGB and HSL, updates all three formats together and shows a live preview swatch. - HEX is a base-16 notation for RGB: #RRGGBB, where each pair is 00–FF (0–255 in decimal). - 3-digit shorthand such as #0af expands to #00aaff. - HSL describes a color as hue (0–360°), saturation (0–100%) and lightness (0–100%). - HEX, RGB and HSL describe the same sRGB colors, so converting between them does not change the color. **How do I convert HEX to RGB?** Split the six digits into three pairs and convert each pair from hexadecimal to decimal. For example #1DB954 is rgb(29, 185, 84). **When should I use HSL instead of HEX?** HSL makes it easy to create lighter, darker or less saturated variants of a color by changing one number, which is handy for design systems. **Does converting lose any color accuracy?** HSL values are rounded to whole numbers here, so round-tripping can shift a channel by one step; the visible difference is negligible. **Is anything sent to a server?** No. All conversions happen in your browser. ### Lorem Ipsum Generator URL: https://anytools.io/dev/lorem-ipsum This lorem ipsum generator creates classic Latin placeholder text by number of paragraphs, sentences, words or an exact character count, ready to copy into designs and mockups. - Lorem ipsum is scrambled Latin derived from Cicero's De finibus bonorum et malorum (45 BC). - It has been used as dummy text since the 1500s and became standard in desktop publishing in the 1980s. - Placeholder text lets reviewers judge layout and typography without being distracted by readable content. - Character mode produces text of exactly the requested length, which is useful for testing field limits and truncation. **What does lorem ipsum mean?** It is not meaningful Latin. It comes from a passage by Cicero, cut and altered so that it reads like Latin without making sense. **Why use lorem ipsum instead of real text?** Neutral filler shows how a layout will look with text without drawing attention to the words themselves. **Can I generate an exact number of characters?** Yes. Choose Characters and set the amount to get placeholder text of exactly that length. **Is the text generated online?** It is generated in your browser — no server is involved. ### Markdown Preview URL: https://anytools.io/dev/markdown-preview This Markdown previewer renders your Markdown as formatted text in real time, side by side with the editor, using a safe parser that blocks script injection. - Supported syntax includes # headings, **bold**, *italic*, `inline code`, fenced ``` code blocks, lists, > blockquotes, --- rules, links and images. - All HTML in the input is escaped before rendering, which prevents cross-site scripting (XSS). - Links and images only allow http, https and mailto URLs; javascript: URLs are blocked. - Markdown was created by John Gruber in 2004 as a readable plain-text format that converts to HTML. **Does this support GitHub Flavored Markdown?** It supports the common core — headings, emphasis, lists, code blocks, quotes, links and images. GFM extras such as tables and task lists are not rendered. **Can I paste raw HTML into the editor?** HTML is escaped and shown as text rather than rendered, which keeps the preview safe from script injection. **Is my document stored anywhere?** No. Rendering happens entirely in your browser, so notes and documentation stay on your device. **How do I make a code block?** Put three backticks (```) on the line before and after the code. ### Regex Tester URL: https://anytools.io/dev/regex-tester This regex tester runs a JavaScript regular expression with your chosen flags against sample text of up to 5,000 characters and highlights every match as you type. - Patterns use the browser's JavaScript RegExp engine, so syntax matches what your JS code will do. - Common flags: g (find all matches), i (ignore case), m (^ and $ match at line breaks), s (dot matches newlines), u (Unicode). - A 500 ms timeout stops runaway patterns that cause catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS). - Zero-length matches are handled so patterns like ^ or \b cannot loop forever. **Which regex flavour does this use?** JavaScript (ECMAScript). Most syntax is shared with PCRE and Python, but some features such as possessive quantifiers are not supported. **Why does my regex only match once?** Without the g flag, a regex stops at the first match. Add g to find every match. **What is catastrophic backtracking?** Some patterns, such as (a+)+b, take exponential time on certain inputs. The tester stops after 500 ms instead of freezing your browser. **Is my text or pattern sent anywhere?** No. Matching runs entirely in your browser. ### HTML Encoder/Decoder URL: https://anytools.io/dev/html-encoder This HTML encoder converts characters with special meaning in HTML, such as < > and &, into entities like < and &, and decodes entities back into plain text. - Encoding escapes & as &, < as < and > as >, which stops the browser from treating text as markup. - Decoding understands named entities (such as ©) and numeric ones (such as © or ©). - Escaping user input before inserting it into HTML is a basic defence against cross-site scripting (XSS). - Characters inside attribute values also need quotes escaped, which templating engines usually handle for you. **When do I need to encode HTML?** Whenever you display text that might contain < > or & inside a web page — for example code samples or user comments — so it shows as text instead of being parsed as HTML. **Does encoding protect against XSS?** Escaping text before inserting it into HTML is a key part of XSS prevention, but you also need correct escaping for attributes, URLs and JavaScript contexts. **What is the difference between & and &?** Both represent the ampersand. & is a named entity and & is its numeric code; browsers treat them the same. **Is my content uploaded?** No. Encoding and decoding happen in your browser. ### JWT Decoder URL: https://anytools.io/dev/jwt-decoder This JWT decoder splits a JSON Web Token into its header, payload and signature, base64url-decodes them into readable JSON and shows the algorithm, issued-at time and expiry status. - A JWT (RFC 7519) has three base64url-encoded parts separated by dots: header.payload.signature. - The exp and iat claims are Unix timestamps in seconds; the tool converts them to local dates and shows how long until or since expiry. - Decoding does not verify the signature — anyone can read a JWT's contents, so never put secrets in the payload. - The alg header names the signing algorithm, such as HS256 or RS256. **Does this tool verify the JWT signature?** No. It only decodes the token. Signature verification requires the secret or public key and should be done on your server. **Is it safe to paste a production token here?** The token is decoded in your browser and never sent to a server. Still, treat live tokens like passwords and avoid sharing them. **Why does my token say it is expired?** The exp claim is earlier than your device's current time. Check that your clock is correct and that the token was issued recently. **Are JWTs encrypted?** Standard signed JWTs (JWS) are only encoded, not encrypted, so their contents are readable by anyone who has the token. ### SHA Checksum URL: https://anytools.io/dev/sha-checksum This checksum calculator computes SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512 hashes of text or of a file in one step, using your browser's built-in Web Crypto API. - SHA-256 produces a 256-bit hash, shown as 64 hexadecimal characters; SHA-512 produces 128. - Changing even one byte of the input produces a completely different hash. - SHA-1 is considered broken for collision resistance and should not be used for security; prefer SHA-256 or stronger. - Hashes are computed with crypto.subtle.digest locally, so large files are hashed without uploading. **How do I verify a downloaded file?** Hash the file here with SHA-256 and compare the result to the checksum on the download page. If they match exactly, the file has not been altered. **Is my file uploaded to calculate the hash?** No. The file is read and hashed in your browser; it never leaves your device. **Which algorithm should I use?** SHA-256 is the most common choice for verifying downloads and integrity. Use SHA-1 only when an older system requires it. **Can a hash be reversed to get the original data?** No. SHA hashes are one-way functions. Short or common inputs can still be guessed, which is why passwords need salted, slow hashing instead. ### JS / CSS Minifier URL: https://anytools.io/dev/minifier This minifier shrinks JavaScript or CSS by stripping comments and collapsing whitespace, and shows the original size, minified size and percentage saved. - For JavaScript it removes // and /* */ comments, collapses whitespace and trims spaces around operators, while skipping string literals. - For CSS it strips comments, collapses whitespace and removes spaces around : { } ; and , characters. - It does not rename variables or rewrite code, so savings are smaller than with bundlers like Terser or esbuild. - Minified files load faster because fewer bytes travel over the network. **Is this minifier safe for production code?** It is fine for quick, private minification. For production builds, a full tool like Terser or esbuild adds renaming and dead-code removal and handles every edge case. **Will minifying break my JavaScript?** Whitespace minification is usually safe, but code that relies on automatic semicolon insertion across line breaks can break. Test the output. **Is my code uploaded to a server?** No. Minification runs entirely in your browser. **How much smaller will my files get?** It depends on how many comments and how much whitespace the code has; the tool shows the exact percentage saved. ### Cron Expression Builder URL: https://anytools.io/dev/cron-builder This cron builder creates standard 5-field cron expressions from dropdowns or presets, explains the schedule in plain English and lists the next five times it will run. - Standard cron has five fields: minute (0–59), hour (0–23), day of month (1–31), month (1–12) and day of week (0–6, Sunday = 0). - */15 means every 15 units, 1-5 is a range, and 1,15 is a list. - 0 9 * * 1-5 runs at 09:00 every weekday. - Next run times are calculated in your browser's local time zone; servers usually run cron in their own time zone. **What does * * * * * mean?** It means every minute of every hour, every day. **How do I run a job every 5 minutes?** Use */5 * * * *. **Does this support seconds or year fields?** No. It builds the classic 5-field format used by Unix crontab, most Linux systems and many schedulers. Quartz-style 6- or 7-field cron is not supported. **Why do run times differ from my server?** The preview uses your local time zone. Check which time zone your server or scheduler uses, often UTC. ### Case Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/case-converter This case converter transforms text into 11 styles, including Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case and CONSTANT_CASE. - camelCase starts lowercase and capitalises each following word (myVariableName); PascalCase capitalises every word (MyVariableName). - snake_case joins lowercase words with underscores; CONSTANT_CASE does the same in uppercase. - kebab-case joins lowercase words with hyphens and is common in URLs and CSS class names. - When converting to programming cases, existing camelCase, hyphens, underscores and dots are split into separate words first. **What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?** camelCase starts with a lowercase letter (userName), PascalCase with an uppercase one (UserName). PascalCase is typical for class names, camelCase for variables in JavaScript. **Which case should I use in URLs?** kebab-case (lowercase words separated by hyphens) is the usual choice for readable URLs. **Does Title Case follow AP or Chicago rules?** No. It capitalises the first letter of every word, including short words like 'and' or 'of'. **Is my text sent to a server?** No. Conversion happens in your browser. ### JSON \u2194 CSV Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/json-csv This converter turns a JSON array of objects into CSV with a header row, and parses CSV back into a JSON array, quoting commas, quotes and line breaks correctly. - For JSON → CSV, the input must be an array of objects; the keys of the first object become the column headers. - Values containing commas, double quotes or line breaks are wrapped in quotes, and quotes are doubled, following RFC 4180. - CSV → JSON uses the first row as keys and turns each following row into an object. - Nested objects and arrays are not flattened into separate columns. **Why do I get 'Input must be a JSON array of objects'?** The converter expects a list like [{"name":"A"},{"name":"B"}]. Wrap a single object in [ ] to convert it. **What happens to keys that only some objects have?** Columns come from the first object's keys. Keys that appear only in later objects are not included, and missing values become empty cells. **Can I open the CSV in Excel or Google Sheets?** Yes. Download the file and open or import it; the quoting follows the standard CSV format these apps understand. **Is my data uploaded?** No. Conversion runs entirely in your browser. ### XML Formatter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/xml-formatter This XML formatter parses your XML, reports the first syntax error if it is not well-formed, and outputs it either neatly indented or minified. - Validation uses the browser's DOMParser, which checks that XML is well-formed: matching tags, one root element and quoted attributes. - Comments and CDATA sections are preserved in the formatted output. - Well-formed is not the same as valid: checking against an XSD or DTD schema is not part of this tool. - XML element and attribute names are case-sensitive. **Does this validate XML against a schema?** No. It checks that the XML is well-formed. Schema validation against XSD or DTD needs a dedicated validator. **What causes 'not well-formed' errors?** Typical causes are unclosed or mismatched tags, a missing root element, unescaped & or < characters and unquoted attribute values. **Can I format SOAP responses and RSS feeds?** Yes. Any well-formed XML, including SOAP envelopes, RSS/Atom feeds, SVG and config files, can be formatted. **Is my XML sent to a server?** No. Parsing and formatting happen in your browser. ### Number Base Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/base-converter This number base converter takes a number in binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal or any base from 2 to 36 and shows it in all the common bases at once. - Bases above 10 use letters as digits: A = 10 up to Z = 35 in base 36. - Hexadecimal (base 16) is common in programming because one hex digit represents exactly 4 bits. - Octal (base 8) is used for Unix file permissions, such as 755. - Very large integers above 9,007,199,254,740,991 (2^53 − 1) lose precision because JavaScript numbers are used. **How do I convert binary to decimal?** Multiply each digit by 2 raised to its position, counting from 0 on the right, and add them up. For example 1011 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11. **Is hexadecimal case-sensitive?** No. A–F and a–f represent the same values. **Does it support fractions or negative numbers?** It converts whole numbers. Fractional parts are ignored. **Is anything sent to a server?** No. All conversions happen in your browser. ### QR Code Generator URL: https://anytools.io/dev/qr-generator This QR code generator turns any text or URL into a QR code with your choice of size, foreground and background colour and error-correction level, downloadable as PNG or SVG. - Error correction levels recover roughly 7% (L), 15% (M), 25% (Q) or 30% (H) of damaged or covered modules. - Higher error correction makes the code denser, so keep it at M unless you plan to add a logo or print on rough surfaces. - Dark codes on a light background scan most reliably; low contrast or inverted colours can fail on some scanners. - SVG output scales to any size without blurring, which is best for print. **Do these QR codes expire?** No. The QR code contains your text or URL directly, so it keeps working as long as the destination exists. **PNG or SVG — which should I download?** Use SVG for print and design tools, since it scales without losing quality. PNG is simplest for web pages and documents. **Which error correction level should I choose?** Medium (15%) suits most uses. Choose High (30%) if the code may get scratched or you want to overlay a small logo. **Is my text sent anywhere?** No. The QR code is generated in your browser. ### Text Diff / Compare URL: https://anytools.io/dev/text-diff This diff checker compares an original and a modified text line by line and highlights which lines were added, removed or unchanged. - Differences are found with a longest common subsequence (LCS) algorithm, the same idea behind classic diff tools. - The comparison is line by line: a changed line appears as one removed line and one added line. - Whitespace and letter case count as differences. - Very long texts compare slower, because LCS compares every line of one text with every line of the other. **Does this highlight changes within a line?** No. It works line by line, so an edited line shows as the old line removed and the new line added. **Can I compare code with this?** Yes. It works for code, config files, contracts or any plain text. **Is my text uploaded?** No. The comparison runs in your browser, so confidential documents stay on your device. **Why do identical-looking lines show as different?** They may differ in trailing spaces, tabs versus spaces, or invisible characters. ### YAML \u2194 JSON Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/yaml-json This converter translates YAML into formatted JSON and JSON into YAML, showing the parser's error message if the input is invalid. - Conversion uses the js-yaml library; JSON output is indented with 2 spaces, and YAML output uses 2-space indentation without line wrapping. - YAML 1.2 is a superset of JSON, so valid JSON is also valid YAML. - YAML comments are lost when converting to JSON, because JSON has no comment syntax. - YAML indentation must use spaces; tabs are not allowed. **Why do I get an indentation error?** YAML depends on consistent indentation with spaces. Tabs or misaligned keys cause parse errors. **Are YAML comments kept?** No. JSON has no comments, so they are dropped when converting from YAML. **Can I convert Kubernetes or Docker Compose files?** Yes. Single YAML documents such as manifests and compose files convert directly. **Is my configuration uploaded?** No. Conversion happens in your browser, so secrets in configs stay on your device. ### SQL Formatter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/sql-formatter This SQL formatter reformats queries with consistent indentation and keyword casing for seven dialects, or minifies them onto one line. - Supported dialects: Standard SQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, T-SQL (SQL Server), PL/SQL (Oracle) and MariaDB. - Keyword case can be UPPERCASE, lowercase or preserved as written. - Formatting uses the open-source sql-formatter library and only changes whitespace and keyword case, not query logic. - Minify collapses all whitespace into single spaces. **Does formatting change how my query runs?** No. Only whitespace and keyword casing change; the query's meaning stays the same. **Why choose a dialect?** Dialects have different syntax, such as backtick identifiers in MySQL or square brackets in T-SQL. Picking the right one helps the formatter parse your query correctly. **Does the tool validate my SQL?** It is a formatter, not a validator. Syntax it cannot parse shows an error, but a query that formats cleanly may still fail against your database. **Is my query sent to a server?** No. Formatting runs in your browser. ### HTML \u2194 Markdown Converter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/html-markdown This converter turns Markdown into HTML and HTML into Markdown, with a live preview of the rendered result. - Markdown → HTML uses the Marked library; HTML → Markdown uses Turndown. - HTML → Markdown output uses # style headings and fenced ``` code blocks. - Markup with no Markdown equivalent, such as inline styles or complex tables, may be simplified or dropped. - Useful for moving content between a CMS, a blog and documentation written in Markdown. **Will styling be preserved when converting HTML to Markdown?** No. Markdown has no concept of CSS, so classes and inline styles are removed; structure like headings, lists, links and emphasis is kept. **Can I convert a whole web page?** You can paste page HTML, but navigation, scripts and layout markup produce noisy Markdown. Paste just the article content for best results. **Is the HTML preview safe?** The preview renders the converted HTML in this page, so only convert content you trust. **Is my content uploaded?** No. Conversion happens in your browser. ### Code Screenshot URL: https://anytools.io/dev/code-screenshot This code screenshot tool turns a code snippet into a shareable image with a window frame, gradient background and dark or light theme, ready to download as PNG or copy to the clipboard. - Eight backgrounds are available: Purple, Pink, Blue, Green, Sunset, Soft, Dark and White. - Padding and font size are adjustable so the image fits posts on X, LinkedIn or slides. - Code is shown in a monospace font without syntax colouring. - The image is rendered in your browser — your code is never uploaded. **Does it add syntax highlighting?** No. Code is rendered in a single colour on the chosen theme; use the dark or light theme for contrast. **How is this different from Carbon?** It offers a similar result — a framed code image on a background — without an account, and everything runs locally in your browser. **What image format do I get?** A PNG file, or an image copied to your clipboard where your browser supports it. **Is my code uploaded?** No. The screenshot is created entirely in your browser. ### LLM Token Counter URL: https://anytools.io/dev/llm-token-counter Paste a prompt, document or chat log to count tokens and compare what it costs across models. - Your text is split with the o200k byte-pair tokenizer that OpenAI publishes. Cost = input tokens × input price + output tokens × output price, times the number of requests. The tokenizer (about 1 MB) loads on first use and everything runs in your browser. **What is a token?** A token is the unit a language model reads and writes — usually a word piece of three to four characters in English. “Tokenization” splits text into these pieces; code, numbers and non-English text often need more tokens per word. **Are these token counts exact?** The OpenAI count uses the open-source o200k tokenizer and is exact for models built on it. Anthropic and Google use their own tokenizers, so the Claude and Gemini figures here are estimates and can differ noticeably, especially for code and non-English text. For billing-exact numbers use each provider’s token-counting endpoint. **Is my text sent anywhere?** No. Tokenization runs entirely in your browser. Nothing you paste is uploaded, logged or stored. **Why do output tokens cost more?** Generating text is more compute-intensive than reading it, so providers charge several times more per output token. Long answers — and reasoning or thinking tokens, which are billed as output — often dominate the cost of a request. ## Design Tools ### Color Palette Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/color-palette The Color Palette Generator builds a 5-color palette from any base color using color-theory harmonies — complementary, triadic, analogous, split-complementary, tetradic or monochromatic — and exports it as CSS custom properties. - Complementary colors sit 180° apart on the color wheel; triadic colors are spaced 120° apart. - Analogous palettes use neighbouring hues (about 30° apart) and tend to feel calm and cohesive. - Split-complementary pairs a base hue with the two hues on either side of its complement (±30°), giving contrast with less tension. - Monochromatic palettes keep one hue and vary only saturation and lightness. - The generator works in HSL, which rotates hue without changing a color’s lightness. **What is a complementary color palette?** A complementary palette pairs a hue with the one directly opposite it on the color wheel (180° away), such as blue and orange. It gives the strongest contrast of any harmony. **How many colors should a website palette have?** Most interfaces use one primary color, one or two accents and a set of neutrals. A five-color harmony is a good starting point that you can trim or extend with tints and shades. **What is the difference between triadic and tetradic?** Triadic uses three hues evenly spaced 120° apart. Tetradic uses four hues spaced 90° apart, forming a square on the wheel, which is richer but harder to balance. **Can I use the palette in CSS or Tailwind?** Yes. Copy the palette as CSS custom properties and reference them with var(), or paste the hex values into your Tailwind theme colors. ### Gradient Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/gradient-generator The CSS Gradient Generator creates linear, radial and conic gradients from two or three colors with a live preview and copy-ready background CSS. - linear-gradient() blends colors along a straight line set by an angle, where 90deg runs left to right. - radial-gradient(circle, …) spreads colors outward from the center. - conic-gradient(from , …) sweeps colors around a center point, which is useful for pie charts and color wheels. - CSS gradients are images rendered by the browser, so they scale to any size without extra file weight. - All three gradient functions are supported in every current major browser. **How do I make a CSS gradient?** Use a gradient function as a background, for example background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1db954, #0a1628). This tool writes that line for you from the colors and angle you choose. **What is the difference between linear, radial and conic gradients?** Linear gradients change color along a line, radial gradients radiate from a center point, and conic gradients rotate around a center like the hands of a clock. **Can a gradient have more than two colors?** Yes. CSS gradients accept any number of color stops. This generator supports two or three colors; you can add more stops to the copied CSS by hand. **Do CSS gradients slow down a website?** No noticeably. They are drawn by the browser and add no image download, so they are usually lighter than gradient image files. ### Contrast Checker URL: https://anytools.io/design/contrast-checker The Contrast Checker calculates the WCAG 2.1 contrast ratio between a text color and a background color and shows whether the pair passes AA and AAA for normal and large text. - WCAG 2.1 AA requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. - WCAG 2.1 AAA requires at least 7:1 for normal text and 4.5:1 for large text. - Large text means at least 18 pt (24 px) regular or 14 pt (about 18.66 px) bold. - Contrast ratios range from 1:1 (identical colors) to 21:1 (black on white). - The ratio is computed from the relative luminance of each color, per the WCAG formula. **What contrast ratio is required for accessibility?** For WCAG 2.1 level AA, normal text needs at least 4.5:1 and large text at least 3:1. Level AAA raises this to 7:1 and 4.5:1. **Is white text on green accessible?** It depends on the shade. Many bright greens fail AA with white text; darker greens usually pass. Enter your exact hex values to check. **What counts as large text in WCAG?** Text that is at least 18 point (24 px) in regular weight, or at least 14 point (about 18.66 px) in bold. **Does WCAG contrast apply to buttons and icons?** WCAG 2.1 success criterion 1.4.11 asks for at least 3:1 contrast for user-interface components and meaningful graphics against their surroundings. ### Color Blindness Simulator URL: https://anytools.io/design/color-blindness The Color Blindness Simulator shows how a chosen color appears with protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia and achromatopsia, with the simulated hex value for each type. - Red–green color vision deficiency affects roughly 8% of men and about 0.5% of women of Northern European descent. - Protanopia is missing red (L) cone function; deuteranopia is missing green (M) cone function. - Tritanopia, a blue–yellow deficiency, is rare. - Achromatopsia, total color blindness, is very rare; people see only shades of gray. - Simulations are approximations based on transformation matrices and cannot reproduce every individual’s vision. **What is the most common type of color blindness?** Deuteranomaly, a reduced sensitivity to green, is the most common. Together, red–green deficiencies account for the large majority of cases. **How do I design for color-blind users?** Never rely on color alone: add labels, icons, patterns or position. Check that key color pairs keep enough lightness contrast, which survives all types of color blindness. **Which colors are hard to tell apart with red–green color blindness?** Red and green, green and brown, and blue and purple are common problem pairs, especially when they have similar lightness. **Is this simulator accurate?** It uses standard transformation matrices that give a good approximation for design checks. Real perception varies between people and severities. ### Tints & Shades URL: https://anytools.io/design/tints-shades The Tints and Shades Generator creates lighter tints (mixed with white) and darker shades (mixed with black) of any base color in 5, 10 or 20 steps, with CSS variable output. - A tint is a color mixed with white; a shade is a color mixed with black. - The generator mixes in equal RGB steps, so every step changes the color by the same amount. - Design systems such as Tailwind use a 50–900 scale built from tints and shades of each brand color. - Check contrast on text colors taken from a scale, because middle steps often fail WCAG AA on white. **What is the difference between a tint and a shade?** A tint lightens a color by adding white; a shade darkens it by adding black. A tone adds gray. **How many shades should a design system color have?** Around 10 steps is common, for example 50, 100 … 900 in Tailwind. It gives enough range for backgrounds, borders, text and hover states. **How do I use the scale in CSS?** Copy the scale as custom properties and reference them with var(--color-name), for example on backgrounds, borders or hover states. **Why do some tints look washed out?** Mixing with white lowers saturation as well as increasing lightness. For more vivid light variants, adjust saturation separately in HSL. ### Type Scale Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/type-scale The Type Scale Generator calculates a modular typography scale from a base font size and a ratio, from Minor Second (1.067) to the Golden Ratio (1.618), and outputs nine sizes as CSS custom properties. - Each step in a modular scale multiplies the previous size by the same ratio. - The generator produces nine steps: two below the base, the base, and six above it. - Smaller ratios (1.067–1.2) suit dense interfaces; larger ratios (1.333–1.618) suit editorial pages with big headings. - rem values are calculated relative to a 16 px root font size. - Using rem lets text scale with the user’s browser font-size setting. **What is a modular type scale?** It is a set of font sizes where each size is the previous one multiplied by a fixed ratio, which keeps headings and body text visually related. **Which type scale ratio should I use?** Major Third (1.25) and Perfect Fourth (1.333) are popular all-rounders. Use a smaller ratio for apps and dashboards and a larger one for landing pages and blogs. **Should font sizes be in rem or px?** rem is generally recommended because it respects the user’s preferred browser font size, which improves accessibility. **What base font size should I use?** 16 px is the standard browser default and a good base for body text; many sites use 16–18 px for comfortable reading. ### Line Height Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/design/line-height The Line Height Calculator recommends line height, letter spacing and an ideal maximum paragraph width for a font size and use case — body text, headings, UI labels or display type — with a live preview and CSS output. - Body text reads comfortably with a line height of about 1.5–1.6 times the font size. - Large headings and display type look better with tighter line height, roughly 1.05–1.2. - Readable line length is roughly 45–75 characters per line. - WCAG 1.4.12 requires that content still works when users set line height to 1.5 and letter spacing to 0.12 em. - Unitless line-height values (such as 1.6) scale with each element’s font size. **What is a good line height for body text?** Around 1.5 to 1.6 times the font size. For 16 px text that is roughly 24–26 px. **Should headings have a smaller line height?** Yes. Large text needs less relative spacing, so headings typically use 1.1–1.3 and display text even tighter. **What is the ideal line length for reading?** Roughly 45–75 characters per line, with about 65 often cited as ideal for body text. **Should I use unitless line-height in CSS?** Usually yes. A unitless value like 1.6 is inherited as a ratio, so child elements with different font sizes keep proportional spacing. ### Font Pairing URL: https://anytools.io/design/font-pairing The Font Pairing tool previews 12 curated Google Fonts combinations for headings and body text, lets you mix fonts yourself, and copies the matching CSS @import. - A classic pairing contrasts a serif with a sans-serif, such as Playfair Display with Source Sans 3. - Pairings include Montserrat + Merriweather, Raleway + Lato, Space Grotesk + Inter and DM Serif Display + DM Sans. - Limiting a site to two font families keeps pages consistent and reduces download size. - The preview loads the chosen fonts from Google Fonts at weights 400 and 700. - Adding display=swap to the font URL shows fallback text while the web font loads. **What fonts go well together?** Fonts with contrasting styles but similar proportions usually pair well, such as a high-contrast serif heading with a clean sans-serif body. The curated pairings here are proven combinations. **How many fonts should a website use?** Two families — one for headings and one for body text — is enough for most sites. A third is rarely needed. **Are Google Fonts free for commercial use?** Yes. Fonts in the Google Fonts library are released under open licenses such as the SIL Open Font License and can be used commercially. **How do I add the fonts to my site?** Paste the copied @import at the top of your CSS, or convert it to a link tag in your HTML head, then set font-family on your headings and body. ### Aspect Ratio Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/design/aspect-ratio The Aspect Ratio Calculator works out the missing width or height for any ratio, with presets for video, photo and social media formats such as 16:9, 4:3, 1:1, 9:16 and 1.91:1. - 16:9 is the standard for HD video and YouTube, e.g. 1920 × 1080 px. - 9:16 is the vertical format used by Stories, Reels and TikTok, e.g. 1080 × 1920 px. - 1.91:1 is the usual Open Graph link-preview ratio, e.g. 1200 × 630 px. - To keep a ratio, height = width × (ratio height ÷ ratio width). - In CSS the aspect-ratio property, e.g. aspect-ratio: 16 / 9, keeps an element’s proportions. **How do I calculate aspect ratio?** Divide width by height and reduce the fraction: 1920 × 1080 reduces to 16:9. To find a missing side, multiply the known side by the ratio. **What size is 16:9?** Common 16:9 sizes are 1280 × 720 (HD), 1920 × 1080 (Full HD) and 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD). **What aspect ratio is best for Instagram?** Instagram feed posts support 1:1 square and 4:5 portrait; Stories and Reels use 9:16. **What is the aspect ratio of an OG image?** About 1.91:1, typically 1200 × 630 px, which is what most social networks use for link previews. ### Spacing Scale Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/spacing-scale The Spacing Scale Generator builds a spacing system from a 4, 5, 6 or 8 px base unit in 12, 16 or 20 steps and exports it as CSS custom properties in px or rem. - Tailwind CSS spacing is based on a 4 px (0.25 rem) unit. - Material Design uses an 8 dp grid, with 4 dp for small adjustments. - Multiples such as 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 cover most spacing needs. - rem values here assume a 16 px root font size. - A fixed scale replaces arbitrary pixel values and keeps layouts visually consistent. **Should I use a 4px or 8px spacing system?** 8 px is a common default for layouts; 4 px gives finer control for dense interfaces and small components. Many teams use 4 px steps within an 8 px rhythm. **What is a spacing scale in design systems?** A predefined set of spacing values used for margins, padding and gaps, so every screen uses the same increments. **How do I use the scale in CSS?** Copy the variables and use them like padding: var(--space-4); so spacing stays consistent across components. **Is this the same as Tailwind spacing?** With a 4 px base and rem output the values follow the same multiples as Tailwind’s default spacing scale. ### Box Shadow Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/box-shadow The Box Shadow Generator builds a CSS box-shadow with sliders for X and Y offset, blur, spread, color, opacity and inset, plus Material Design and Tailwind presets, and outputs the exact CSS. - box-shadow syntax is: [inset] offset-x offset-y blur-radius spread-radius color. - A larger blur radius softens the edge; spread makes the shadow grow or shrink before blurring. - Low-opacity, dark shadows (roughly 10–25%) look more natural than solid black. - Multiple shadows can be layered by separating them with commas. - The inset keyword draws the shadow inside the element’s border. **How do I add a shadow to a div in CSS?** Use the box-shadow property, for example box-shadow: 0 4px 12px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2); this tool writes the value for you. **What is the difference between blur and spread?** Blur controls how soft the shadow edge is. Spread expands or contracts the shadow’s size before the blur is applied. **How do I make an inner shadow?** Add the inset keyword at the start of the value, or tick Inset in the tool. **Can I use multiple box shadows?** Yes. Separate shadows with commas; layered shadows, like Material and Tailwind presets, look more realistic. ### SVG Viewer & Optimizer URL: https://anytools.io/design/svg-viewer The SVG Viewer and Optimizer renders pasted SVG markup as a live preview and minifies it by removing the XML declaration, comments, title, desc and metadata elements and extra whitespace, showing the size saved. - Editors such as Illustrator and Inkscape often add comments, metadata and whitespace that browsers do not need. - Removing this markup typically makes an SVG noticeably smaller without changing how it looks. - This optimizer removes title and desc elements; keep a title if the SVG needs an accessible name. - The preview renders the SVG as an image, so scripts inside the file do not run. - SVG files compress well with gzip or Brotli on your web server. **How do I view an SVG file?** Open it in any modern browser, or paste its code here to see a preview instantly. **How do I reduce SVG file size?** Remove editor metadata, comments and unneeded whitespace, which is what Optimize SVG does. For deeper savings, a tool like SVGO can also simplify paths. **Is it safe to paste SVG code here?** Yes. The SVG is processed and previewed in your browser only, and it is displayed as an image so embedded scripts do not execute. **Will optimizing change how my SVG looks?** No. Only non-visual content such as comments, metadata and whitespace is removed; shapes and colors stay the same. ### Favicon Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/favicon-generator The Favicon Generator turns one or two characters or an emoji into a favicon with your chosen background, text color and shape, and exports PNG files at 256, 128, 64, 32 and 16 px. - Browsers show favicons in tabs at 16 × 16 px, so bold, simple shapes read best. - Modern browsers accept PNG favicons via . - Apple touch icons are usually 180 × 180 px; the 256 px export can be resized for that. - Only the first two characters of the text are drawn. - Images are drawn with the Canvas API on your device. **What size should a favicon be?** Provide at least 32 × 32 px for browser tabs, plus larger sizes such as 180 px for Apple touch icons and 192 or 512 px for web app manifests. **How do I add a favicon to my website?** Upload the PNG and add inside your HTML head. **Can I use an emoji as a favicon?** Yes. Paste an emoji into the text field and download the PNG; it is rendered with your system’s emoji font. **Do I still need a favicon.ico file?** Not for modern browsers, which accept PNG. Some older tools and browsers still look for /favicon.ico, so many sites keep one for compatibility. ### Image Color Extractor URL: https://anytools.io/design/image-colors The Image Color Extractor samples the pixels of an uploaded image (or an image URL) and returns its 10 most dominant colors as a palette. - The image is scaled down to 80 × 80 px and sampled, which makes extraction fast. - Similar colors are grouped by rounding each RGB channel to steps of 32. - Transparent pixels are ignored. - Some image URLs cannot be read because of browser cross-origin (CORS) rules; download the image and upload it instead. - Uploaded files are read locally with the FileReader API and never sent to a server. **How do I get a color palette from an image?** Upload the picture here and the tool lists its dominant colors as hex codes you can copy. **Why won’t my image URL load?** The host may block cross-origin access (CORS). Save the image to your device and upload the file instead. **Is my photo uploaded?** No. The file is read and analyzed inside your browser; nothing is sent to a server. **How can I find the exact color of one pixel?** This tool finds overall dominant colors. For a single pixel, use your browser’s or operating system’s eyedropper tool. ### Placeholder Image URL: https://anytools.io/design/placeholder-image The Placeholder Image Generator creates a PNG placeholder at any width and height with your background color, text color and label (default “width×height”), plus a ready-made img tag. - The image is drawn with the Canvas API at its full pixel size and saved as PNG. - Diagonal guide lines and centered text make placeholders easy to spot in mockups. - Setting width and height attributes on img tags reserves space and prevents layout shift. - Local placeholders avoid depending on third-party placeholder services during development. **How do I create a placeholder image?** Enter the size and colors you want and click Download PNG; the file is generated on your device instantly. **What size placeholder should I use?** Match the final image dimensions, for example 1200 × 630 for social previews or 1920 × 1080 for hero images, so the layout is accurate. **Can I change the text on the placeholder?** Yes. Type any label; if you leave it empty, the image shows its dimensions. **Do I need an internet connection or external service?** No. The image is generated locally in your browser, with no request to a placeholder service. ### CSS Clip-path Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/clip-path The CSS Clip-path Generator produces clip-path values for common shapes — triangle, arrow, pentagon, hexagon, star, chevron, circle, ellipse and rounded inset — with a live preview. - clip-path hides everything outside a shape, so no image mask or SVG file is needed. - polygon() takes a list of x y points in percentages, which scales with the element. - circle(50% at 50% 50%) crops an element to a centered circle. - inset() with round adds rounded corners to a rectangular clip. - clip-path basic shapes are supported in all current major browsers. **How do I cut an image into a shape with CSS?** Apply a clip-path to the image, for example clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 0% 100%, 100% 100%); for a triangle. **What is the difference between clip-path and mask?** clip-path cuts a hard-edged vector shape. mask uses an image or gradient and can create soft, partially transparent edges. **Can clip-path be animated?** Yes, if both shapes use the same function and the same number of points, the browser can transition between them. **Does clip-path affect clicks?** Yes. Areas outside the clipped shape are not rendered and do not receive pointer events. ### CSS Animation Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/css-animation The CSS Animation Generator creates @keyframes animations from 14 presets such as fade in, slide in, bounce in, pulse, spin, shake and zoom, with controls for duration, timing function and iteration count. - A CSS animation has two parts: a @keyframes rule and an animation property on the element. - Animating transform and opacity is usually the smoothest choice for performance. - Timing functions such as ease-out start fast and slow down, which feels natural for entrances. - Respect the prefers-reduced-motion media query for users who have asked for less motion. - An infinite iteration count suits loaders; entrance effects usually run once. **How do I create a CSS animation?** Define the motion in a @keyframes rule, then attach it with animation: name duration timing iteration. The generator writes both for you. **What is the difference between CSS transitions and animations?** Transitions animate between two states when a property changes, such as on hover. Animations use keyframes, can run automatically and can loop. **How do I make an animation loop forever?** Set the iteration count to infinite, for example animation: spin 1s linear infinite. **Do CSS animations affect accessibility?** Large or continuous motion can bother some users. Wrap non-essential animations in @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference). ### CSS Flexbox Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/flexbox-generator The CSS Flexbox Generator lets you set flex-direction, justify-content, align-items, flex-wrap, align-content and gap on a container, preview up to 20 items live, and copy the generated CSS. - justify-content aligns items along the main axis; align-items aligns them on the cross axis. - flex-direction: column swaps the axes, so justify-content then works vertically. - align-content only has an effect when items wrap onto multiple lines. - The gap property works in Flexbox in all current major browsers. - Flexbox is one-dimensional; use CSS Grid for rows and columns at the same time. **How do I center a div with Flexbox?** On the parent, set display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; — the child is centered horizontally and vertically. **What is the difference between justify-content and align-items?** justify-content distributes items along the main axis (a row by default); align-items positions them along the cross axis. **When should I use Flexbox instead of Grid?** Use Flexbox for one-dimensional layouts such as navigation bars and button rows, and Grid for two-dimensional page layouts. **Why doesn’t align-content do anything?** align-content only applies when flex-wrap lets items wrap onto more than one line. ### CSS Grid Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/grid-generator The CSS Grid Generator builds grid layouts from a column and row count, gaps, optional custom grid-template values and item alignment, with a live preview and copy-ready CSS. - The fr unit shares the free space: 1fr 2fr gives the second column twice the width of the first. - repeat(3, 1fr) is shorthand for three equal columns. - column-gap and row-gap set the gutters between tracks. - Grid is two-dimensional, controlling rows and columns together. - repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr)) creates a responsive grid without media queries. **How do I create a 3-column grid in CSS?** Use display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); on the container, and add a gap for spacing. **What does fr mean in CSS Grid?** fr is a fraction of the available free space in the grid container. **CSS Grid or Flexbox?** Grid is best for two-dimensional layouts such as page structures and card grids; Flexbox for one-dimensional rows or columns. **How do I make a responsive grid without media queries?** Use grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr)); columns then wrap automatically as space allows. ### CSS Border Radius URL: https://anytools.io/design/border-radius The CSS Border Radius Generator sets each corner of an element’s border-radius in percent with individual sliders or one All Corners slider, plus presets like circle, leaf and blob, and copies the CSS. - border-radius takes up to four values in the order top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. - border-radius: 50% on a square element makes a circle. - Percentage radii scale with the element’s size; pixel radii stay fixed. - Uneven radii on opposite corners create leaf and blob shapes without any SVG. - border-radius is supported in every current browser without prefixes. **How do I make rounded corners in CSS?** Set border-radius, for example border-radius: 12px; for all corners, or four values for individual corners. **How do I make a circle with CSS?** Give the element equal width and height and border-radius: 50%. **What order are the four border-radius values?** Top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left — clockwise from the top-left corner. **Should border-radius use px or %?** Use px for consistent corner sizes on buttons and cards; use % for shapes such as circles and blobs that scale with the element. ### Glassmorphism Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/glassmorphism The Glassmorphism Generator creates the frosted-glass effect with CSS backdrop-filter, letting you adjust blur, background opacity, saturation, border opacity, radius and tint color with a live preview. - The effect uses backdrop-filter: blur() saturate(), which blurs whatever is behind the element. - A semi-transparent background (rgba) is needed, otherwise the blur is hidden. - The generated CSS includes the -webkit-backdrop-filter prefix for Safari. - Glass works best over colorful or image backgrounds; on flat colors the blur is not visible. - Keep text contrast in check — translucent panels can drop below WCAG contrast over busy backgrounds. **How do I make a glass effect in CSS?** Give the element a semi-transparent background, such as rgba(255,255,255,0.15), and backdrop-filter: blur(12px); this tool writes the full rule. **Why is my backdrop-filter not working?** The element needs a transparent or semi-transparent background, and there must be something behind it to blur. Safari also needs the -webkit- prefix. **Is glassmorphism accessible?** It can be, if text keeps sufficient contrast. Test text colors over the busiest part of the background. **Does backdrop-filter hurt performance?** Blurring is GPU-intensive, so avoid applying it to very large areas or many elements at once, especially on low-end phones. ### CSS Text Shadow URL: https://anytools.io/design/text-shadow The CSS Text Shadow Generator sets text-shadow offset, blur, color and opacity with live preview and lets you stack multiple shadow layers for glow, outline and 3D text effects. - text-shadow syntax is: offset-x offset-y blur-radius color. - Unlike box-shadow, text-shadow has no spread value or inset keyword. - Multiple shadows are separated by commas and painted with the first one on top. - A zero-offset shadow with blur creates a glow effect. - Stacking several 1 px offsets builds a 3D or letterpress look. **How do I add a shadow to text in CSS?** Use text-shadow, for example text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); **How do I make glowing text?** Use zero offsets with a blur and a bright color, for example text-shadow: 0 0 8px #1db954; stack layers for a stronger glow. **Can I use more than one text shadow?** Yes. Separate shadows with commas; this tool adds each layer for you. **Does text-shadow affect readability?** Subtle shadows can improve legibility on images, but heavy shadows reduce clarity — check contrast with a contrast checker. ### CSS Loader Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/loader-generator The CSS Loader Generator creates pure CSS loading animations in six styles — spinner, bouncing dots, ring, pulse, bars and dual ring — with adjustable size, color, speed and thickness, and outputs both CSS and HTML. - Pure CSS loaders need no images, GIFs or JavaScript. - Spinners rotate with @keyframes and transform: rotate(), which is efficient to animate. - The markup is a single element, or a few child elements for dots and bars. - Add role="status" and a visually hidden label such as “Loading…” so screen readers announce the loader. - Consider slowing or pausing loaders under prefers-reduced-motion. **How do I make a loading spinner in CSS?** Give a square element a border with one colored side, border-radius: 50%, and a rotating @keyframes animation — or copy one from this generator. **Are CSS loaders better than GIFs?** Usually yes: they are smaller, stay sharp at any size, and their color and speed can be changed with CSS. **How do I make a loader accessible?** Wrap it in an element with role="status" and include hidden text like “Loading…” so assistive technology can announce it. **How do I center the loader on the page?** Place it in a container with display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;. ### SVG Blob Generator URL: https://anytools.io/design/blob-generator The SVG Blob Generator creates random organic blob shapes from smooth cubic Bézier curves, with controls for complexity, randomness, size, fill color and an optional gradient, and exports the SVG code or file. - Each blob is a single SVG path built from points around a circle, joined with cubic Bézier curves. - More points make a more complex outline; more randomness makes it less circular. - SVG blobs stay sharp at any size and are only a few hundred bytes. - Blobs are popular as background decorations, avatar frames and section dividers. - The SVG can be used inline, as an img source, or as a CSS background. **How do I make a blob shape?** Adjust complexity and randomness here and click Regenerate; each click draws a new random organic shape you can download as SVG. **Can I use the blobs commercially?** Yes. The shapes are generated randomly on your device, so you can use them in any project. **How do I use an SVG blob as a background?** Save the file and reference it with background-image: url(blob.svg), or paste the SVG inline and position it behind your content. **Can I animate a blob?** Yes — you can rotate or scale it with CSS, or morph between two paths with the same number of points using SMIL or JavaScript. ### HEIC to JPG Converter URL: https://anytools.io/design/heic-to-jpg Turn iPhone photos into JPG or PNG files that open everywhere — converted on your device, never uploaded. - 1. Drop one or more HEIC photos above (or paste them). 2. Choose JPG for the smallest files or PNG for lossless quality. 3. Download each file, or everything at once as a ZIP. Browsers that can read HEIC natively (such as Safari) convert instantly; others load a small decoder the first time. **What is a HEIC file?** HEIC (High Efficiency Image Container) is the format iPhones and iPads use for photos by default since iOS 11. It stores images at about half the size of JPG with similar quality, but many Windows apps, websites and older devices cannot open it. **Are my photos uploaded?** No. Conversion happens entirely in your browser on your own device. Your photos never leave your computer or phone, so it is safe for private pictures. **Does converting remove location data?** Yes. The converted file is re-encoded from the pixels only, so EXIF metadata such as GPS location, camera model and capture time is not carried over. The picture is rotated correctly first. **How do I stop my iPhone taking HEIC photos?** Open Settings → Camera → Formats and choose “Most Compatible”. New photos will be saved as JPG. Existing photos stay HEIC, which is what this converter is for. ### Compress Image to KB URL: https://anytools.io/design/compress-image Shrink photos to the exact file size a form or website asks for — in your browser, without uploading. - The image is re-encoded on a canvas in your browser. A binary search finds the highest quality that stays under your target; if even low quality is too large, the image is scaled down step by step until it fits. EXIF metadata, including GPS location, is not kept. **How do I compress an image to exactly 100 KB?** Pick the 100 KB target (or type any size), drop your image and download the result. The tool searches for the highest quality that still fits under the limit, and only reduces the dimensions if quality alone is not enough. **Will compressing reduce quality?** Some detail is always lost with lossy compression, but at typical targets (100 KB and up for a phone photo) the difference is hard to see. Very small targets such as 20 KB also reduce the pixel dimensions. **JPG or WebP?** WebP is usually 25–35% smaller than JPG at the same quality and works in every modern browser. Choose JPG when a form, government portal or older app only accepts JPG. **Are my images uploaded to a server?** No. Compression runs entirely in your browser. Your images stay on your device, and metadata such as GPS location is removed from the output. ## Calculators ### Compound Interest URL: https://anytools.io/calc/compound-interest This compound interest calculator shows how an initial investment plus optional monthly contributions grows over up to 50 years, with annual, quarterly, monthly or daily compounding. It reports the final balance, total contributed, interest earned and total return. - The initial amount grows as A = P × (1 + r/n)^(n·t), where r is the annual rate, n the compounding periods per year and t the years. - Example: 10,000 at 7% compounded monthly for 10 years grows to about 20,096.61; compounded annually it reaches about 19,671.51. - Each monthly contribution is compounded for the time remaining until the end of the period, so earlier deposits earn more interest. - Total return is interest earned divided by the total amount you contributed. - The Rule of 72 gives a quick estimate: at 7% a year, money doubles in roughly 72 ÷ 7 ≈ 10.3 years. **What is compound interest?** Compound interest is interest earned on both your original money and the interest it has already earned. Because the balance keeps growing, the amount of interest added each period grows too. **Does compounding frequency make a big difference?** It helps, but less than the rate and the time invested. At 7% over 10 years, monthly compounding turns 10,000 into about 20,097 versus about 19,672 with annual compounding. **How do monthly contributions change the result?** Regular contributions add new money that also starts compounding, so over long periods they often produce more of the final balance than the initial investment itself. **Is this calculator financial advice?** No. It shows the math of a constant interest rate; real investments vary in return, fees and taxes. Use it for planning and comparisons only. ### Loan Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/loan-calculator This loan calculator works out the monthly payment, total amount repaid and total interest for a fixed-rate amortizing loan, such as a personal loan, car loan or mortgage. Enter the amount, annual interest rate and term in years. - The monthly payment uses the standard amortization formula M = P × r(1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n − 1), with r the monthly rate (annual rate ÷ 12) and n the number of monthly payments. - Example: a 20,000 loan at 5% over 5 years costs about 377.42 per month and about 2,645.48 in total interest. - At a 0% rate the payment is simply the amount divided by the number of months. - The fourth result shows total interest as a percentage of the amount borrowed, not the loan's interest rate. **How is a monthly loan payment calculated?** It uses the amortization formula M = P × r(1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n − 1), where P is the amount borrowed, r the monthly interest rate and n the number of payments. Every payment is the same size and covers interest first, then principal. **Does a longer term lower the cost of a loan?** A longer term lowers the monthly payment but usually raises the total interest you pay, because the balance stays outstanding for longer. **Does this include fees or insurance?** No. The result covers principal and interest only. Origination fees, insurance or other charges would add to the real cost. **Can I use it for a mortgage?** Yes, for the principal-and-interest part of a fixed-rate mortgage. The dedicated mortgage calculator also handles the home price, down payment and a payment schedule. ### ROI Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/roi-calculator This ROI calculator turns an initial investment and a final value into net profit, return on investment in percent and the investment multiple. Add a duration in years to also see the annualized return. - ROI = (final value − initial investment) ÷ initial investment × 100. - Annualized return = (final value ÷ initial investment)^(1 ÷ years) − 1, also known as CAGR. - Example: 5,000 growing to 7,500 is a 50% ROI and a 1.5x multiple; over 2 years that is about 22.5% per year. - The multiple is simply final value divided by initial investment. **What is a good ROI?** It depends on the risk and the time involved. ROI alone ignores time, so compare investments by annualized return when their durations differ. **What is the difference between ROI and annualized return?** ROI is the total gain over the whole period. Annualized return spreads that gain evenly across each year, which makes investments of different lengths comparable. **Can ROI be negative?** Yes. If the final value is lower than what you invested, net profit and ROI are negative, meaning you lost money. **Does the calculation include fees and taxes?** Only if you include them in the numbers you enter. Subtract costs from the final value, or add them to the initial investment, for a net figure. ### Tip Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/tip-calculator This tip calculator adds a tip of 0–30% to a bill and splits the total between any number of people. It shows the tip amount, the total bill, each person's share and the tip per person. - Tip = bill × tip % ÷ 100, and the total is bill + tip. - Example: a 50 bill with an 18% tip is a 9 tip and a 59 total, or 29.50 each for two people. - The per-person share divides the total, tip included, evenly between everyone. - The tip slider runs from 0% to 30% in 1% steps. **How much should I tip?** Customs vary widely by country. In the US 15–20% is typical in restaurants, while in many European and Asian countries a small rounding-up or no tip is normal. **Should I tip on the amount before or after tax?** Many people tip on the pre-tax amount. Enter whichever figure you prefer as the bill — the calculator applies the percentage to that number. **How do I split a bill with a tip?** Enter the bill, choose the tip percentage and set the number of people. The per-person amount already includes each person's share of the tip. **Does it round the amounts?** Results are shown to two decimal places. Round the per-person share up if you want to avoid coins. ### BMI Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/bmi-calculator This BMI calculator computes Body Mass Index from your weight and height in metric (kg, cm) or imperial (lb, in) units and shows the standard WHO category: underweight, normal, overweight or obese. - Metric: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height (m)². - Imperial: BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ height (in)². - WHO adult categories: under 18.5 underweight, 18.5–24.9 normal, 25–29.9 overweight, 30 and above obese. - Example: 70 kg at 175 cm gives a BMI of about 22.9, in the normal range. **What is a healthy BMI?** For adults, the WHO classes a BMI of 18.5–24.9 as the normal range. Below 18.5 is underweight, 25–29.9 overweight and 30 or more obese. **Is BMI accurate for athletes?** Not always. BMI does not distinguish muscle from fat, so muscular people can score as overweight while being lean. Waist size or body-fat measurements add useful context. **Does BMI work for children?** Children and teenagers need age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles. The adult categories used here apply to people aged 18 and over. **Is BMI a diagnosis?** No. It is a screening number for weight relative to height. A health professional considers other factors before drawing conclusions. ### Age Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/age-calculator This age calculator gives your exact age in years, months and days from a date of birth, plus the total number of days, hours and minutes lived. You can measure age as of today or any other date. - Years, months and days are counted on the calendar, so leap years and months of different lengths are handled correctly. - Total days is the exact number of days between the two dates; hours and minutes are total days × 24 and × 1,440. - You can set the "as of" date in the past or future, for example to find someone's age on a specific day. - A date of birth after the "as of" date is flagged instead of producing a negative age. **How do I calculate my exact age?** Enter your date of birth and the calculator counts full years, then remaining months, then remaining days up to today — the same way age is counted on a calendar. **How are leap years handled?** The calculation uses real calendar dates, so February 29 and months with 28–31 days are accounted for automatically. **Can I find how old someone will be on a future date?** Yes. Change the "as of" date to any future day to see their age at that point. **How many days old am I?** The Total Days result shows exactly that, along with the equivalent in hours and minutes. ### Percentage Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/percentage-calc This percentage calculator solves the three most common percentage problems: what X% of a number is, what percentage one number is of another, and the percentage increase or decrease from one value to another. - X% of Y = X ÷ 100 × Y. Example: 15% of 80 is 12. - X as a percentage of Y = X ÷ Y × 100. Example: 12 is 15% of 80. - Percentage change = (new − old) ÷ |old| × 100. Example: from 80 to 100 is +25%. - A percentage change cannot be calculated from a starting value of zero. **How do I calculate a percentage of a number?** Divide the percentage by 100 and multiply by the number. For example, 15% of 80 is 0.15 × 80 = 12. **How do I work out percentage increase?** Subtract the old value from the new value, divide by the old value and multiply by 100. Going from 80 to 100 is a 25% increase. **Why is a 50% drop not undone by a 50% rise?** Percentages apply to different starting values. 100 falling 50% becomes 50, and a 50% rise on 50 only gets back to 75. **What is the difference between percent and percentage points?** Percentage points measure the gap between two percentages. A rate rising from 4% to 5% is up 1 percentage point, which is a 25% increase. ### Discount Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/discount-calc This discount calculator shows the sale price and the amount you save for any original price and discount percentage from 0% to 95%. - Savings = original price × discount % ÷ 100. - Sale price = original price − savings. - Example: 25% off 80 saves 20, for a sale price of 60. - Two discounts stack multiplicatively: 20% off and then another 10% off is 28% off in total, not 30%. **How do I calculate a discount?** Multiply the price by the discount percentage and divide by 100 to get the savings, then subtract that from the original price. 25% off 80 is 80 − 20 = 60. **How do I combine two discounts?** Apply them one after the other. 20% off 100 is 80, and another 10% off 80 is 72 — a combined 28% discount. **How do I find the original price from a sale price?** Divide the sale price by (1 − discount ÷ 100). A 60 sale price at 25% off came from 60 ÷ 0.75 = 80. **Does the calculator include sales tax?** No. It works on the price you enter; add tax separately if it applies after the discount. ### GPA Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/gpa-calculator This GPA calculator computes a credit-weighted grade point average on the standard 4.0 scale from letter grades (A+ to F) and the credit hours of each course. - GPA = sum of (grade points × credits) ÷ total credits. - Grade points used: A+ and A 4.0, A− 3.7, B+ 3.3, B 3.0, B− 2.7, C+ 2.3, C 2.0, C− 1.7, D+ 1.3, D 1.0, D− 0.7, F 0.0. - Example: an A in a 3-credit course and a B in a 4-credit course give (4.0 × 3 + 3.0 × 4) ÷ 7 ≈ 3.43. - Courses with more credits weigh more heavily in the average. **How is GPA calculated?** Each grade is converted to points on a 4.0 scale, multiplied by the course's credit hours, summed, and divided by the total credits. **Is an A+ worth more than 4.0?** On the scale used here an A+ counts as 4.0, as at most US colleges. Some schools give 4.3 for an A+; check your institution's policy. **What is the difference between weighted and unweighted GPA?** Unweighted GPA uses the same 4.0 scale for every class. Weighted GPA, used by some high schools, adds extra points for honors or AP courses. This calculator is unweighted. **Can I calculate a cumulative GPA?** Yes. Add every course from all terms with its grade and credits and the result is your cumulative GPA. ### Fuel Cost Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/fuel-cost This fuel cost calculator estimates how much fuel a trip needs and what it will cost from the distance, your vehicle's fuel efficiency and the fuel price, in metric (km, km/L, per litre) or imperial (miles, MPG, per gallon) units. - Fuel needed = distance ÷ fuel efficiency; total cost = fuel needed × price per litre or gallon. - Example: 500 km at 15 km/L needs about 33.3 L; at 1.80 per litre that costs 60.00. - The tool also shows the cost per 100 km (or per 100 miles), handy for comparing vehicles. - To convert from L/100 km, divide 100 by the figure: 6.7 L/100 km is about 15 km/L. **How do I calculate fuel cost for a trip?** Divide the distance by your fuel efficiency to get the fuel needed, then multiply by the fuel price. 500 km at 15 km/L and 1.80 per litre costs 60. **My car shows L/100 km — what do I enter?** Divide 100 by your L/100 km figure to get km/L. For example, 6 L/100 km equals about 16.7 km/L. **Should I plan for a round trip?** Enter the total distance you will drive. For a return journey, double the one-way distance. **Why is my real fuel use higher than the estimate?** Speed, traffic, air conditioning, load and terrain all change consumption. Using your car's real-world average gives a closer estimate than the official rating. ### Unit Converter URL: https://anytools.io/calc/unit-converter This unit converter converts values across eight categories — length, weight, temperature, speed, data storage, area, volume and time — and lists the value in every unit of the category at once. - Length uses exact definitions: 1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 foot = 0.3048 m, 1 mile = 1,609.344 m, 1 nautical mile = 1,852 m. - Temperature: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32, and K = °C + 273.15. - Data storage uses binary multiples: 1 KB = 1,024 bytes and 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes. - Volume uses US units: 1 US gallon = 3.78541 L and 1 US cup = 0.236588 L. - Weight: 1 lb = 0.453592 kg, 1 oz = 28.3495 g and 1 stone = 6.35029 kg. **How do I convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?** Multiply by 9/5 and add 32. For example, 20 °C is 20 × 1.8 + 32 = 68 °F. **How many centimetres are in an inch?** Exactly 2.54 cm. A foot is 30.48 cm and a mile is 1.609344 km. **Is 1 KB 1,000 or 1,024 bytes?** Both conventions exist. This converter uses the binary convention, where 1 KB = 1,024 bytes and 1 MB = 1,024 KB. **Are gallons and cups US or UK units?** They are US customary units: 1 US gallon is 3.785 litres. A UK (imperial) gallon is larger, about 4.546 litres. ### Date / Time Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/date-calculator This date calculator counts the days, weeks, months and hours between two dates, and adds or subtracts years, months and days from any date to give the resulting date and weekday. - The difference counts whole days between the two dates; weeks are those days ÷ 7, rounded down. - The month count is the number of calendar months between the dates, regardless of the day of the month. - Adding time applies years first, then months, then days. - Adding one month to January 31 rolls over into March, because February has no 31st. **How do I count the days between two dates?** Choose Date Difference and pick both dates. The tool shows the number of days, plus the same span in weeks, months and hours. **Does the day count include the end date?** No — it counts the days between the dates. Add one if you need to include both the start and end days. **How do I find the date 90 days from today?** Choose Add / Subtract, keep today as the start date, select Add and enter 90 days. The result shows the date and weekday. **Does it handle leap years?** Yes. It uses real calendar dates, so February 29 in leap years is counted automatically. ### Timezone Converter URL: https://anytools.io/calc/timezone-converter This time zone converter converts a date and time from one time zone to another, with daylight saving time applied automatically, and shows the same moment on a world clock for major cities. - Conversions use the browser's built-in Intl API and IANA time zone database, so daylight saving rules are applied for the chosen date. - 28 time zones are included, from Honolulu and Los Angeles to London, Helsinki, Dubai, Kolkata, Tokyo, Sydney and Auckland. - Some zones are not whole hours from UTC: India (Asia/Kolkata) is UTC+5:30. - The world clock shows the same moment in 16 major zones. **How do I convert time between time zones?** Enter the date and time, choose the source time zone and the target time zone. The converted time appears instantly. **Does it adjust for daylight saving time?** Yes. It uses the official time zone rules, so the result reflects whether daylight saving is in effect on the date you choose. **What is the difference between UTC and GMT?** For everyday use they are the same time. UTC is the precise atomic time standard; GMT is the time zone used in the UK in winter. **Why do some time zones have half-hour offsets?** Some countries chose offsets that fit their geography better, such as India at UTC+5:30. ### Mortgage Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/mortgage-calculator This mortgage calculator works out the monthly principal-and-interest payment, loan amount, total interest and total cost from the home price, down payment, interest rate and term, and shows an amortization schedule for the first 12 months. - Loan amount = home price − down payment. - Monthly payment M = L × r(1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n − 1), with r the monthly rate and n the number of months. - Example: a 300,000 home with 20% down (a 240,000 loan) at 6.5% over 30 years costs about 1,516.96 a month and about 306,107 in total interest. - Early payments are mostly interest; the principal share grows every month, as the schedule shows. **How is a mortgage payment calculated?** The monthly payment uses the amortization formula M = L × r(1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n − 1), where L is the loan amount, r the monthly rate and n the number of payments. **Does the payment include taxes and insurance?** No. It shows principal and interest only. Property tax, home insurance and mortgage insurance, if any, are added on top. **How much does a bigger down payment help?** A larger down payment reduces the loan amount, which lowers both the monthly payment and the total interest over the term. **Why is so much of my early payment interest?** Interest is charged on the outstanding balance, which is highest at the start. As the balance falls, more of each payment goes to principal. ### Salary Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/salary-calculator This salary calculator converts pay between hourly, daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly and annual amounts, using your own hours per week and working weeks per year. - Every amount is first converted to annual pay: hourly × hours per week × weeks per year, monthly × 12, biweekly × 26. - Example: 25 per hour at 40 hours a week for 52 weeks is 52,000 a year, or about 4,333 a month. - Daily pay assumes a five-day working week. - Figures are gross pay before tax and deductions. **How do I convert an hourly wage to a yearly salary?** Multiply the hourly rate by hours per week and by weeks worked per year. 25 an hour × 40 hours × 52 weeks is 52,000 a year. **What is the difference between biweekly and semimonthly pay?** Biweekly means every two weeks, 26 paychecks a year. Semimonthly means twice a month, 24 paychecks. The calculator uses biweekly. **Should I use 52 weeks or fewer?** Use 52 if you are paid for holidays and vacation. If you are paid only for weeks worked, enter the number of weeks you actually work. **Is this take-home pay?** No. The results are gross amounts before income tax, social contributions and other deductions. ### Electricity Cost Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/calc/electricity-cost This electricity cost calculator estimates how much energy an appliance uses and what it costs to run per day, week, month and year from its power in watts, daily hours of use and your electricity rate. - Energy per day (kWh) = watts × hours per day ÷ 1,000. - Cost = kWh × price per kWh; a price per MWh is divided by 1,000 first. - Example: a 1,500 W heater used 1 hour a day uses 1.5 kWh; at 0.15 per kWh that is about 82.13 a year. - Monthly cost assumes 30 days and yearly cost 365 days. - Presets include an LED bulb (10 W), laptop (60 W), TV (150 W), hair dryer (1,500 W), oven (2,000 W) and AC unit (3,500 W). **How do I calculate an appliance's electricity cost?** Multiply its wattage by the hours it runs, divide by 1,000 to get kWh, and multiply by your price per kWh. **Where do I find an appliance's wattage?** Check the label on the back or bottom of the device, or its manual. Chargers often list volts and amps; multiply them for an approximate wattage. **What is a kWh?** A kilowatt-hour is the energy used by a 1,000-watt device running for one hour. Electricity bills charge per kWh. **Why do appliances like fridges use less than their rating?** Fridges, AC units and heaters cycle on and off, so they draw full power only part of the time. Use the hours they actually run for a closer estimate. ## Health & Fitness Tools ### TDEE Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/tdee-calculator This TDEE calculator estimates your total daily energy expenditure — the calories you burn in a day — by calculating your BMR with the Mifflin-St Jeor equation and multiplying it by an activity factor. - BMR uses the Mifflin-St Jeor equation: 10 × weight (kg) + 6.25 × height (cm) − 5 × age, plus 5 for men or minus 161 for women. - TDEE = BMR × activity factor, from 1.2 (sedentary) to 1.9 (extremely active or physical job). - The loss and gain targets shown correspond to roughly 0.25 kg or 0.5 kg per week. - Results are estimates; real energy use varies with body composition, genetics and daily movement. **What is TDEE?** TDEE (total daily energy expenditure) is the number of calories your body burns in a day, including your resting metabolism, digestion and all physical activity. Eating at your TDEE keeps your weight roughly stable. **What is the difference between BMR and TDEE?** BMR is the energy you would burn at complete rest. TDEE adds everything you do on top of that, so it is always higher — this calculator multiplies BMR by an activity factor to get it. **How accurate is the Mifflin-St Jeor equation?** It is regarded as one of the most accurate predictive BMR equations for most adults, but any formula is an estimate. Track your weight for two to three weeks and adjust your intake if the real trend differs. **Which activity level should I choose?** Pick the level that matches an average week, not your best week. Most people with desk jobs who exercise a few times a week fit lightly or moderately active; overestimating activity is the most common mistake. ### Macro Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/macro-calculator This macro calculator divides a daily calorie target into grams of protein, carbohydrates and fat: protein is set per kilogram of body weight, fat as a share of calories based on your goal, and carbs fill the rest. - Protein is set at 1.6, 2.0 or 2.4 g per kg of body weight depending on the level you choose. - Fat is set at 30% of calories for fat loss, 28% for maintenance and 25% for muscle gain; carbohydrates make up the remaining calories. - Protein and carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram and fat provides 9 kcal per gram. - If protein and fat already use all your calories, carbs are shown as zero — raise the calorie target or lower the protein level. **What are macros?** Macros, or macronutrients, are the three nutrients that provide calories: protein, carbohydrates and fat. Counting grams of each gives more control over body composition than counting calories alone. **How much protein do I need per day?** Research on people who train regularly generally supports about 1.6–2.2 g of protein per kg of body weight per day, which is why this calculator offers 1.6–2.4 g/kg. Sedentary adults need less; the RDA minimum is 0.8 g/kg. **What macro split is best for fat loss?** A higher protein intake helps preserve muscle in a calorie deficit, so fat-loss splits typically prioritise protein and keep fat moderate. The overall calorie deficit still matters most for losing weight. **Should I hit my macros exactly every day?** No. Landing within about 5–10 grams of each target and being consistent over the week works well for most people. ### Body Fat Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/body-fat-calculator This body fat calculator estimates your body fat percentage with the US Navy circumference method, using your height, neck and waist measurements (plus hips for women), and also shows your fat mass and lean mass. - Men: body fat % = 86.010 × log10(waist − neck) − 70.041 × log10(height) + 36.76 (measurements in inches). - Women: body fat % = 163.205 × log10(waist + hip − neck) − 97.684 × log10(height) − 78.387. - Categories shown for men: under 6% essential, 6–13% athletic, 14–17% fitness, 18–24% average, 25% and above obese; women are about 8 points higher. - Fat mass = weight × body fat %, and lean mass is the remainder. - Tape-measure methods are less precise than DEXA scans but are useful for tracking change over time. **How accurate is the US Navy body fat method?** It typically lands within a few percentage points of lab methods for most people, but it can be off for very muscular or very lean bodies. Measuring the same way each time makes it reliable for tracking trends. **How do I measure my waist and neck correctly?** Measure your neck just below the larynx and your waist horizontally at the navel, relaxed and not sucking in. Keep the tape snug but not compressing the skin, and take two readings to check. **What is a healthy body fat percentage?** Commonly used ranges put average men at about 18–24% and average women at about 25–31%, with lower values for athletes. Very low levels, below essential fat, are not healthy. **Why does my body fat change when my weight doesn't?** You can lose fat and gain muscle at the same time, which leaves weight similar while body fat drops. That is why body fat or waist measurements are often more informative than the scale alone. ### Calorie Deficit Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/calorie-deficit This calorie deficit calculator works out your daily calorie target to reach a goal weight in a chosen number of weeks, based on your TDEE and roughly 7,700 kcal per kilogram of body fat, and warns you if the plan is too aggressive. - TDEE is calculated with the Mifflin-St Jeor BMR equation multiplied by an activity factor. - The plan assumes about 7,700 kcal per kilogram of body fat: daily deficit = (weight to lose × 7,700) ÷ days. - Deficits above 1,000 kcal per day are flagged as too aggressive. - Targets below 1,500 kcal per day for men or 1,200 kcal per day for women are flagged, as eating less than that is generally not recommended without medical supervision. **How big should my calorie deficit be?** A deficit of about 300–500 kcal per day is sustainable for most people and leads to roughly 0.25–0.5 kg of loss per week. Larger deficits make it harder to keep muscle, energy and adherence. **How fast can I safely lose weight?** A common guideline is 0.5–1% of body weight per week. If this calculator shows a deficit above 1,000 kcal a day, extend the timeframe. **Why am I not losing weight in a calorie deficit?** Water retention can hide fat loss for a week or two, and it is easy to underestimate intake or overestimate activity. Compare weekly averages over several weeks before adjusting. **Is it safe to eat 1,200 calories a day?** For many adults that is too low to cover nutritional needs, and it is shown here as a minimum rather than a target. Talk to a doctor or dietitian before following a very low-calorie diet. ### Ideal Body Weight Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/ideal-weight This ideal weight calculator estimates an ideal body weight from your height and sex using four established formulas — Devine, Robinson, Miller and Hamwi — and shows each result, their range and their average in kg and lbs. - All four formulas start from a base weight at 5 feet (152.4 cm) and add a fixed amount per inch above that. - Devine: 50 kg (men) or 45.5 kg (women) + 2.3 kg per inch over 5 feet. - Robinson: 52 kg + 1.9 kg per inch (men) or 49 kg + 1.7 kg per inch (women). - Miller: 56.2 kg + 1.41 kg per inch (men) or 53.1 kg + 1.36 kg per inch (women); Hamwi: 48 kg + 2.7 kg or 45.5 kg + 2.2 kg per inch. - The formulas were developed mainly for medication dosing and ignore muscle mass and frame size. **What is my ideal weight for my height?** Enter your height above to see four estimates; for most adults they fall within a range of a few kilograms. Treat that range as a guide, since healthy weight also depends on muscle, frame and health markers. **Which ideal weight formula is most accurate?** None is definitive. The Devine formula is the most widely used in medicine, while Robinson and Miller were later refinements; averaging them gives a reasonable middle estimate. **Why is my ideal weight different from a BMI range?** Ideal weight formulas give a single value per height, while BMI defines a healthy range (18.5–24.9). A weight can be above an ideal-weight formula and still be within the healthy BMI range. **Do these formulas work for very short or very muscular people?** They are less reliable below 5 feet and for athletes with a lot of muscle, who can weigh more than the formulas suggest while being lean. Body fat percentage is a better measure in those cases. ### Water Intake Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/water-intake This water intake calculator estimates how much water you should drink each day from your body weight, adjusted for activity level and climate, and shows the result in liters, fluid ounces, cups and glasses. - The base amount is about 33 ml of water per kg of body weight — roughly 2.3 liters for a 70 kg adult. - Activity adds up to 0.5 liters per day, and a warm or hot, humid climate adds up to another 0.5 liters. - Water from food, tea, coffee and other drinks also counts toward daily fluid intake. - The result is a general guideline; illness, pregnancy, breastfeeding and heavy sweating raise needs. **How much water should I drink a day?** A common estimate is about 30–35 ml per kg of body weight, which is roughly 2–2.5 liters for many adults before adding extra for exercise and heat. This calculator applies that rule to your own weight and conditions. **Does coffee or tea count toward water intake?** Yes. Tea and coffee still hydrate overall despite their caffeine, and water in food and other drinks counts too. **What are the signs I am not drinking enough?** Thirst, dark yellow urine, headaches and tiredness are common signs of low fluid intake. Pale yellow urine is a simple everyday indicator of good hydration. **Can you drink too much water?** Yes. Drinking very large amounts in a short time can lower blood sodium (hyponatremia), which is dangerous. Spread intake through the day and follow thirst, especially during long endurance events. ### Protein Intake Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/protein-calculator This protein calculator estimates how many grams of protein you need per day from your body weight and activity goal, splits the total across your meals, and lists common protein sources for reference. - Levels range from 0.8 g/kg (the RDA minimum for sedentary adults) through 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 and 2.2 up to 2.4 g/kg for athletes and bodybuilders. - Daily protein = body weight in kg × grams per kg; per-meal protein = daily total ÷ meals per day. - Protein provides 4 kcal per gram. - Reference amounts: chicken breast about 31 g per 100 g, one large egg about 6 g, 100 g of cooked lentils about 9 g. **How much protein do I need a day?** Sedentary adults need at least 0.8 g per kg of body weight. People who train regularly or want to build muscle usually benefit from about 1.6–2.2 g per kg. **How much protein can the body use in one meal?** There is no strict limit, but spreading protein across three to five meals of roughly 20–40 g each is a practical way to support muscle building throughout the day. **Is too much protein bad for you?** For healthy people, intakes up to about 2 g per kg are generally considered safe. People with kidney disease should follow their doctor's advice on protein. **Should I use my current or goal body weight?** Use your current weight if you are near a healthy weight. If you have a lot of weight to lose, many coaches base protein on goal weight or lean mass instead. ### Heart Rate Zone Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/heart-rate-zones This heart rate zone calculator gives your five training zones in beats per minute using the Karvonen method, which combines your estimated maximum heart rate (220 − age) with your resting heart rate. - Maximum heart rate is estimated as 220 − age. - Karvonen target HR = (max HR − resting HR) × intensity % + resting HR. - Zone 1 is 50–60%, zone 2 60–70%, zone 3 70–80%, zone 4 80–90% and zone 5 90–100% of heart-rate reserve. - Formula-based max heart rate can be off by 10 or more beats for an individual; a field test gives better zones. **What are heart rate training zones?** Heart rate zones are intensity ranges based on your heart rate, from easy recovery (zone 1) to all-out effort (zone 5). Training in the right zone makes easy days easy enough and hard days hard enough. **What is the Karvonen formula?** The Karvonen formula calculates a target heart rate from your heart-rate reserve — the difference between maximum and resting heart rate. Because it uses your resting heart rate, it usually gives more personal zones than a plain percentage of max HR. **How do I find my resting heart rate?** Measure your pulse for a full minute right after waking, before getting up, on a few mornings and take the average. Many smartwatches record it automatically. **Which zone burns the most fat?** Lower zones burn a higher share of fat, but higher zones burn more total calories per minute. For weight loss, total energy balance matters more than the zone. ### One Rep Max Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/one-rep-max This one rep max calculator estimates the most weight you could lift for a single repetition from a set you have performed, averaging the Epley, Brzycki and Lombardi formulas, and shows a percentage chart for planning training loads. - Epley: 1RM = weight × (1 + reps ÷ 30). - Brzycki: 1RM = weight × 36 ÷ (37 − reps). - Lombardi: 1RM = weight × reps^0.10; the estimate shown is the average of the three. - Estimates are most accurate between 2 and 10 reps and become less reliable above 10. - The chart maps percentages of 1RM to typical rep ranges, for example about 80% for 7–8 reps. **What is a one rep max?** Your one rep max (1RM) is the heaviest weight you can lift for a single repetition with good form. It is used to set training loads as percentages, such as 75% of 1RM. **How accurate are 1RM calculators?** They are usually close for sets of 2–10 reps, but individuals vary with training history and exercise. An estimate from a set of 3–5 reps is generally more accurate than one from 12 or more. **Is it safe to test my real one rep max?** True max attempts carry more injury risk and need a spotter, good technique and a proper warm-up. Estimating from a submaximal set avoids that risk. **Which formula is best — Epley or Brzycki?** They give very similar results at low reps; Brzycki tends to be slightly lower as reps increase. Averaging several formulas, as this calculator does, smooths out their differences. ### Sleep Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/sleep-calculator This sleep calculator suggests bedtimes or wake-up times that line up with complete 90-minute sleep cycles, including the time you usually take to fall asleep, so you are more likely to wake between cycles rather than in deep sleep. - The calculator assumes 90-minute sleep cycles. - It suggests times for 3 to 6 complete cycles — 4.5 to 9 hours of sleep. - The minutes you take to fall asleep are added before the first cycle starts. - Five to six cycles (7.5–9 hours) fits the 7–9 hours of sleep most adults are recommended. **How long is a sleep cycle?** A sleep cycle averages about 90 minutes, although it varies between roughly 70 and 120 minutes across people and through the night. **Why do I feel groggy even after enough sleep?** Waking from deep sleep can cause sleep inertia, a groggy feeling that can last up to 30 minutes. Timing your alarm to the end of a cycle may help, although cycle lengths are not exact. **How many hours of sleep do adults need?** Most adults need 7–9 hours per night, which is about five to six 90-minute cycles. **How long does it take to fall asleep?** Healthy adults typically fall asleep within about 10–20 minutes. Taking far longer or falling asleep almost instantly every night can be a sign of a sleep problem or sleep debt. ### BAC Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/bac-calculator This BAC calculator estimates blood alcohol concentration from your sex, body weight, number of standard drinks and hours since your first drink using the Widmark formula; it is an approximation only and must never be used to decide whether you can drive. - One standard drink here is 14 g of alcohol — about 355 ml of beer, 150 ml of wine or 45 ml of spirits. - Widmark estimate: BAC % = alcohol (g) ÷ (body weight in g × r) × 100, with r = 0.68 for men and 0.55 for women. - The body eliminates about 0.015% BAC per hour, and the calculator subtracts this for the hours entered. - Real BAC depends on food, drinking speed, medications and individual metabolism, so actual levels can be higher than estimated. **How long does it take for alcohol to leave your system?** The body clears roughly 0.015% BAC per hour — about one standard drink per hour for many adults. Coffee, water, cold showers or sleep do not speed this up. **Can I use a BAC calculator to know if I can drive?** No. Calculators only estimate and can underestimate your real level; impairment also starts well below legal limits. If you have been drinking, do not drive. **Why do women reach a higher BAC than men?** On average, women have less body water per kilogram, so the same amount of alcohol produces a higher concentration. The Widmark formula reflects this with a lower distribution factor. **What is the legal BAC limit?** Many countries set the driving limit at 0.05%, the United States generally at 0.08%, and some countries at or near zero. Stricter limits often apply to new and professional drivers. ### Pregnancy Due Date Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/due-date-calculator This pregnancy due date calculator estimates your due date with Naegele's rule — 280 days from the first day of your last menstrual period, or 266 days from conception — and shows how many weeks pregnant you are, your trimester and the days remaining. - Naegele's rule: due date = first day of the last menstrual period + 280 days (40 weeks). - From a conception date, the calculator adds 266 days (38 weeks). - Pregnancy weeks are counted from the LMP, which is about two weeks before conception. - Trimesters: first until week 13, second weeks 13–26, third from week 27. - Only about 5% of babies are born on their exact due date; most arrive within about two weeks of it. **How is a due date calculated?** The standard method, Naegele's rule, adds 280 days to the first day of your last menstrual period. Your care provider may adjust the date after an early ultrasound, which is usually more accurate. **What if my cycle is not 28 days?** Naegele's rule assumes a 28-day cycle with ovulation around day 14. With longer or irregular cycles the estimate can be off, and an ultrasound gives a better date. **How many weeks pregnant am I?** Pregnancy is counted from the first day of your last period, so at conception you are already considered about two weeks pregnant. The calculator shows your current week and day. **How accurate is a due date?** It is an estimate: only about 5% of babies are born on their due date, and a full-term birth anywhere from about 37 to 42 weeks is normal. Always follow your midwife's or doctor's guidance. ### Pace Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/pace-calculator This pace calculator turns a distance and a finish time into your pace per kilometre and per mile and your speed in km/h and mph, then projects race times for the 5K, 10K, half marathon and marathon at that pace. - Pace = time ÷ distance; speed = distance ÷ time. - Pace per mile is about 1.609 times pace per km — a 5:00/km pace equals about 8:03/mile. - The race projections keep the same pace for every distance; for a fatigue-adjusted prediction use a race time predictor. - The half marathon is 21.0975 km and the marathon 42.195 km. **How do I calculate my running pace?** Divide your total time by the distance. For example, 50 minutes for 10 km is a pace of 5:00 per kilometre; the calculator does this instantly for any distance. **What is a good 5K pace for beginners?** Many beginners run 5K at roughly 6:30–8:00 per kilometre (about 10:30–13:00 per mile). Any pace you can hold comfortably is a good starting point. **How do I convert min/km to min/mile?** Multiply the pace per km by 1.609. A 6:00/km pace is about 9:39 per mile. **Can I use this for cycling or swimming?** Yes — it works for any distance and time, and speed in km/h or mph is often more useful than pace for cycling. ### VO2 Max Estimator URL: https://anytools.io/health/vo2-max This VO2 max calculator estimates your maximal oxygen uptake from one of two field tests — the Cooper 12-minute run or the Rockport 1-mile walk — and rates the result for your age and sex. - Cooper test: VO2 max = (distance in metres − 504.9) ÷ 44.73. - Rockport test: VO2 max = 132.853 − 0.0769 × weight (lb) − 0.3877 × age + 6.315 × (1 for men, 0 for women) − 3.2649 × time (min) − 0.1565 × heart rate. - VO2 max is expressed in millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). - Ratings run from Poor to Excellent and depend on age and sex. **What is VO2 max?** VO2 max is the maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise, measured in ml/kg/min. It is one of the best single measures of cardiovascular fitness. **What is a good VO2 max?** It depends on age and sex; for men in their 30s, values in the mid-40s ml/kg/min or higher are generally rated good. Elite endurance athletes can exceed 70. **How accurate are the Cooper and Rockport tests?** Field tests give reasonable estimates when done all-out (Cooper) or at a brisk steady walk (Rockport) on a flat course. A lab test with gas analysis remains the most accurate. **How can I improve my VO2 max?** Regular endurance training with some high-intensity intervals — such as 4 × 4 minutes hard with recovery in between — is an effective way to raise VO2 max over several weeks. ### Zone 2 Heart Rate Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/zone-2-heart-rate Your Zone 2 range from age and resting heart rate — compared across the four most-used methods. - % of max HR: 60–70% of maximum heart rate. Karvonen: 60–70% of heart-rate reserve (max − resting) added to your resting HR. MAF: 180 minus age as the ceiling, 10 beats below as the floor. Threshold: 81–89% of your lactate-threshold heart rate (Friel). All calculations happen in your browser. **What is Zone 2 heart rate?** Zone 2 is easy aerobic training — roughly 60–70% of your maximum heart rate, or just below your first lactate threshold. You can still speak in full sentences. It builds mitochondrial density and fat oxidation with little fatigue, which is why endurance athletes spend most of their training time there. **Which Zone 2 formula is most accurate?** A lab or field lactate-threshold test is most accurate. Without one, the Karvonen method (heart-rate reserve) is usually closer than a plain percentage of max HR because it accounts for your resting heart rate. The MAF 180 − age formula is a simple, conservative ceiling. **How long should Zone 2 sessions be?** Most coaches recommend 45–90 minutes per session and 2–4 sessions a week. Consistency matters more than any single long session. **Why is my Zone 2 pace so slow?** Almost everyone runs too fast at first. Keeping heart rate in Zone 2 often means jogging or even walking uphill. Pace at the same heart rate improves over weeks as your aerobic base grows. ### Race Time Predictor URL: https://anytools.io/health/race-time-predictor Enter a recent race result and see what it predicts for every other distance. - Riegel’s formula scales your time by distance with a fatigue exponent (1.06 for most runners). VDOT, from Jack Daniels’ Running Formula, estimates the oxygen cost of your race pace and how long you can sustain it, then finds the time that gives the same effective VO2 max at each distance. All calculations happen in your browser. **How accurate are race time predictions?** For distances close to your input race they are usually within 1–3%. Predicting a marathon from a 5K is less reliable: the marathon also depends on long-run volume, fuelling and pacing, so most runners are a few minutes slower than the prediction unless they have trained specifically for the distance. **Riegel or VDOT — which should I trust?** Both agree closely for 5K to half marathon. Riegel (T2 = T1 × (D2/D1)^1.06) is a simple fatigue curve; Jack Daniels’ VDOT models oxygen cost and how long you can hold a given share of VO2 max. Use the slower of the two for marathon planning. **What is VDOT?** VDOT is Jack Daniels’ performance index: an effective VO2 max derived from a race result. The higher the VDOT, the faster your equivalent times at every distance. It is also the basis for his training paces. **Which race should I enter?** Use a recent, all-out race or time trial on a flat course. Training runs underestimate your ability, and races longer than about two hours are affected by fuelling more than fitness. ### Caffeine Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/caffeine-calculator Add what you drank today — see how much caffeine is still active and how much will be left at bedtime. - Each drink is absorbed over roughly 45 minutes and then eliminated exponentially with the half-life you choose (a one-compartment model). The 50 mg line is a practical sleep-friendly threshold, not a medical cut-off. This is an estimate for information only. All calculations happen in your browser. **How long does caffeine stay in your system?** Caffeine has an average half-life of about 5 hours in healthy adults, with a normal range of roughly 3 to 7 hours. After two half-lives a quarter of the dose is still active, so a 3 pm coffee can still be working at 11 pm. **When should I stop drinking coffee before bed?** A common guideline is at least 8 hours before bedtime. In a sleep-lab study, 400 mg taken even 6 hours before bed cut total sleep by about an hour. Use the calculator to find when your own total drops below a sleep-friendly level. **How much caffeine per day is safe?** For healthy adults, up to 400 mg a day is generally considered safe (FDA, EFSA), with no more than about 200 mg at once. During pregnancy the usual advice is to stay under 200 mg a day. Sensitivity varies a lot between people. **What affects caffeine half-life?** Smoking speeds it up (around 3 hours). Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, liver conditions and some medications slow it down, sometimes to 10 hours or more. Genetics (the CYP1A2 enzyme) also make some people fast or slow metabolisers. ### Jet Lag Calculator URL: https://anytools.io/health/jet-lag-calculator A day-by-day light and sleep plan that moves your body clock to your destination faster. - Your body-temperature minimum — the low point of your clock — is estimated at 2.5 hours before your usual wake time. Light in the three hours after it shifts your clock earlier, light in the three hours before it shifts it later. Each day the plan moves that low point toward the destination by about 1 hour (eastward) or 1.5 hours (westward) and places the light windows around it. All calculations happen in your browser. **How long does jet lag last?** Your body clock shifts by roughly one hour per day when you fly east and about one and a half hours per day when you fly west. Crossing six time zones eastward therefore takes around six days to fully adjust without help — timed light exposure can shorten that noticeably. **Why is flying east worse?** Flying east means going to bed and waking up earlier than your body wants. The human clock naturally runs slightly longer than 24 hours, so delaying it (westward) is easier than advancing it (eastward). **How does light help with jet lag?** Light is the strongest signal for the body clock. Light in the hours after your body-temperature minimum (usually 2–3 hours before you normally wake) moves the clock earlier; light in the hours before it moves the clock later. Getting the timing wrong can push the clock the wrong way. **Should I take melatonin?** Low-dose melatonin taken in the evening at your destination can help after eastward flights. Rules differ by country and it is not suitable for everyone — ask a pharmacist or doctor first.